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21.
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Quinones are electroactive species that have shown great promise for redox flow batteries due to the ability to tune their properties and to act as both negative and positive electrolytes. The following review outlines highlights of work in the last couple of years working to provide materials with higher stability, solubility, and performance. Developments toward stable negolytes have provided opportunities for potential commercial opportunities when paired with alternate chemistries. However, the stability of quinones in high potential electrolytes is still not sufficient and the number of potential quinones limited. 相似文献
23.
Ieva
Dauickait Amos S. Lawless Jennifer A. Scott Peter Jan van Leeuwen 《Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications》2020,27(5)
We consider the large sparse symmetric linear systems of equations that arise in the solution of weak constraint four‐dimensional variational data assimilation, a method of high interest for numerical weather prediction. These systems can be written as saddle point systems with a 3 × 3 block structure but block eliminations can be performed to reduce them to saddle point systems with a 2 × 2 block structure, or further to symmetric positive definite systems. In this article, we analyse how sensitive the spectra of these matrices are to the number of observations of the underlying dynamical system. We also obtain bounds on the eigenvalues of the matrices. Numerical experiments are used to confirm the theoretical analysis and bounds. 相似文献
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25.
Peter T. Smith Younghoon Kim Dr. Bahiru Punja Benke Prof. Kimoon Kim Prof. Christopher J. Chang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(12):4932-4937
We report a supramolecular strategy for promoting the selective reduction of O2 for direct electrosynthesis of H2O2. We utilized cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (Co-TPP), an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst with highly variable product selectivity, as a building block to assemble the permanently porous supramolecular cage Co-PB-1(6) bearing six Co-TPP subunits connected through twenty-four imine bonds. Reduction of these imine linkers to amines yields the more flexible cage Co-rPB-1(6). Both Co-PB-1(6) and Co-rPB-1(6) cages produce 90–100 % H2O2 from electrochemical ORR catalysis in neutral pH water, whereas the Co-TPP monomer gives a 50 % mixture of H2O2 and H2O. Bimolecular pathways have been implicated in facilitating H2O formation, therefore, we attribute this high H2O2 selectivity to site isolation of the discrete molecular units in each supramolecule. The ability to control reaction selectivity in supramolecular structures beyond traditional host–guest interactions offers new opportunities for designing such architectures for a broader range of catalytic applications. 相似文献
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Algebras and Representation Theory - We would like to correct two errors in our paper Involutions of type G2 over a field of characteristic 2 [2]. 相似文献
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29.
Peter Imkeller 《Probability Theory and Related Fields》1996,106(1):105-135
Summary. The analytic treatment of problems related to the asymptotic behaviour of random dynamical systems generated by stochastic
differential equations suffers from the presence of non-adapted random invariant measures. Semimartingale theory becomes accessible
if the underlying Wiener filtration is enlarged by the information carried by the orthogonal projectors on the Oseledets spaces
of the (linearized) system.
We study the corresponding problem of preservation of the semimartingale property and the validity of a priori inequalities
between the norms of stochastic integrals in the enlarged filtration and norms of their quadratic variations in case the random
element F enlarging the filtration is real valued and possesses an absolutely continuous law. Applying the tools of Malliavin’s calculus,
we give smoothness conditions on F under which the semimartingale property is preserved and a priori martingale inequalities are valid.
Received: 12 April 1995 / In revised form: 7 March 1996 相似文献
30.
Peter J. Grabner 《Random Structures and Algorithms》1993,4(1):99-110
We investigate the following process: N people select b losers by flipping coins. The 0-party continues until there are less than b losers; then the 1-party has to find the other losers by the same process. The average time for this process is about long2 N, but this result requires rather advanced methods. Furthermore, the average size of a binary tree associated to this process and the average number of coin flippings are computed. The method used in this article can be used to give asympotical solutions of a special type of bivariate recurrences. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献